How long do flies live?

How long do flies live?

The whole life cycle from egg to adult may be completed in 8-20 days depending on ambient temperature and a new generation may be started anywhere from 2-20 days later. Under favourable conditions the eggs hatch in 8-30 hours and larval development through three instars is completed in 5-14 days. Pupation occurs over 3-10 days and the pre-oviposition period ranges from 2-23 days. So how long do flies live? Adults may live from 19-70 days. Some 10-12 generations can be completed during the warmer months. A typical life cycle in summer is depicted opposite.

The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is a well-known cosmopolitan pest of both farm and home. This species is always found in association with humans or activities of humans. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches. Not only are house flies a nuisance, but they can also transport disease-causing organisms. Excessive fly populations are not only an irritant to farm workers but, when there are nearby human habitations, a public health problem could occur.

This common fly originated on the steppes of central Asia, but now occurs on all inhabited continents, in all climates from tropical to temperate, and in a variety of environments ranging from rural to urban. It is commonly associated with animal feces, but has adapted well to feeding on garbage, so it is abundant almost anywhere people live.

The house fly has a complete metamorphosis with distinct egg, larva or maggot, pupal and adult stages. The house fly overwinters in either the larval or pupal stage under manure piles or in other protected locations. Warm summer conditions are generally optimum for the development of the house fly, and it can complete its life cycle in as little as seven to ten days. However, under suboptimal conditions the life cycle may require up to two months. As many as 10 to 12 generations may occur annually in temperate regions, while more than 20 generations may occur in subtropical and tropical regions.

source: http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/urban/flies/house_fly.htm

How does a flash drive work?

How does a flash drive work?

As per thetravelinsider.com, if you’re traveling and your laptop becomes lost or broken, what would you do if you had a vital Powerpoint presentation trapped on its hard drive?

Or if you want to conveniently take some files from the office to home, work on them, and then return them? How would you do that?

Traditionally, all computers had floppy disk drives, and their 1.44MB capacity was more than enough to handle any reasonable type of file you’d ever need to transfer. These days, many new computers don’t have any floppy drive at all.

As programs and files became larger, CDroms – a technology that almost died as a non-mainstream curiosity and which Bill Gates championed – became more common and now are almost universal. CDrom writers also became more common, and transferring larger files was commonly done by burning them to a CDrom.

Various other technologies, such as Iomega’s Zip (100-250MB) and Jaz (1-2GB) drives, also briefly appeared and then disappeared again.

Flash forward to the present day. Few computers even have a floppy disk drive. While most computers have CDroms, not all have CD burners, and even though the cost of single use CDs has dropped down to less than 50c each, the technology to write onto them is cumbersome and slow. A newer technology – DVDrom – is appearing; happily DVDrom drives usually read CDroms too.

A new type of universal data storage format was/is needed. Increasingly it seems that the USB flash drive might be exactly what is now needed.

What is so special about USB Flash Drives

A USB flash drive is very simple. Basically, it is built around a memory chip. But unlike regular computer memory, which is dynamic, this is static memory. Dynamic memory needs to have a continuous flow of power to keep the information alive. Static memory does not need any power to remember the information it is holding, and it is estimated that information stored on a flash drive can last up to ten years.

Because the USB flash drive is basically just an intelligent static memory chip, it needs no battery and has no moving parts. This makes it much more convenient than any type of storage that needs power, much more robust than any sort of disk, and generally more reliable every which way.

A USB drive simply plugs into a computer’s USB port. And, yes, I do mean simply. If you’re running Windows 2000, Windows XP or Vista, the operating system will automatically recognize is as another disk drive, and immediately give you full read and write access to it.

This means you don’t need to load any software to make it work. You simply plug it in, and it is automatically available to be used. What could be simpler than that? This makes the drives brilliantly simple and foolproof to use.

Unlike some types of high density disk storage, there is also never a problem with compatibility between one computer and the next. Some older high density disks could only reliably be read on the same drive than had been used to write the data onto them, which limited their value. With a flash drive, any computer with a USB port can read and write to/from the drive.

A USB flash drive truly is universally compatible. Its compatibility with just about any modern computer with USB support (this includes Macs as well as PCs), its ease of use, its reliability and robustness, its small size and its low price all make it a definite must-have for anyone who may need to store or transfer data.

USB flash drives are available with different storage capacities. The ’sweet spot’ (now updated to March 2007) seems to be for a 2GB device, costing, at online discounters, about $25. A 4GB drive costs about $50. Almost certainly capacities will continue to increase and prices continue to fall.

In my case, I was about to travel out of town to give a Powerpoint presentation. I had it stored on my laptop, of course, but I absolutely didn’t want to risk anything going wrong, and so wanted to have a backup with me in case my computer proved not to work with the supplied data projector, or if it broke, or anything else. I could have copied the presentation to a CDrom, but I also wanted to be able to store fresh copies of it, anticipating the probability that I’d make some last minute changes while rehearsing my presentation the night before.

A flash drive seemed the obvious and logical best solution.

And so I purchased a SanDisk 256MB Cruzer Mini USB Flash Drive, costing just under $50 (this was back in March 2004 – the same money, three years later, would pay for a 16 times larger 4GB drive – isn’t progress a marvellous thing!). The balance of this article uses the specifics of this unit as a means to consider the remaining issues to do with these devices.

There is an industry association for makers of these drives that has more information about this technology.

What you get

The 256MB flash drive (pictured at the top) is small and light. It measures approx 2.75″ x 0.75″ x 0.25″ and weighs 0.2 ounces. Note : This typical dimension has remained unchanged over the years, and similar dimensions apply to most other flash drive units, although some come in novelty shapes as promotional gimmicks. Higher capacity units are no larger in size and no heavier.

It comes with three protective plastic caps that can be snapped over the end which plugs into the USB port. This was a nice touch – allowing you to safely lose one or even two caps and still have a spare one to use.

It also has a cord that could be looped around the unit and then hung around your neck for carrying convenience.

At one end of the unit a green light illuminates when the unit is plugged in to a USB port. This seems to serve no useful purpose, but looks nice.

The unit has a generous 2 year warranty.

Functionality

I tested the unit with various different USB ports, variously on a USB hub, a laptop, and a desktop unit.

In all cases, the same thing happened. Plug it in – the computer recognizes the unit, and after a few seconds to reconfigure itself, it appears as another disk drive in ‘My Computer’ or ‘Windows Explorer’.

This model drive used the new USB 2.0 high speed interface. It can transfer data to or from the unit much faster than the older USB 1.1 interface, but even at 1.1 speeds, it is still faster than a CD rom.

If you have a choice, it is better to choose a unit with the USB 2.0 specification, but it is not very important. USB 2.0 is backwards compatible with 1.1, so either type of USB port can handle either type of device.

A note of caution when unplugging

When you’ve finished using your USB flash drive, it is generally recommended that you should first of all click on the ‘Safely Remove Hardware’ icon that appears in the System Tray in the bottom right of your computer’s Task Bar before then unplugging the drive. This makes sure that no programs are continuing to access the drive, and in particular, it makes sure that no programs are in the middle of writing some data to the drive when you unplug it.

With delayed caching functions, you might think you’ve finished with the USB drive even though the computer still has some pending tasks. If you unplug the drive while the computer is in the middle of updating a file, you’ll probably end up with a corrupted file, and perhaps you might end up with an entire corrupted flash drive (due to the index file also being open or not correctly updated).

Cost

These types of drives are available at computer stores, Costco and other major discounters, and – of course – online. Back in 2004, I bought mine at Costco for $50, and then discovered I could have bought it through Amazon for $49.

These days (March 2007), Amazon sell 2GB units for as little as $25 and 1GB drives for less than half that price. The 2GB is is our recommended size, but in terms of lowest cost per GB of storage, the 1GB unit is best value.

However, we suggest you buy one with the largest storage capacity you can afford. They are the same size and weight, no matter what their storage capacity is, the only difference is the cost and the convenience. The chances are that, over time, you’ll find you need to use more and more of its capacity, so the bigger you get, the more useful you’ll find it.

At present (March 07) the ’sweet spot’ for pricing (lowest cost per MB) seems to be the 2GB units, but units can be purchased with capacities as small as 32MB and as high as 8GB.

Summary

These are very simple and easy to use, and represent a very convenient way of storing data and of transferring data between computers.

What are the names of tarot cards?

What are the names of tarot cards?

A common question is, “What are the names of Tarot cards?” Even though it seems to be a straight-forward thing to ask, the answer can be a little more complex. The questions itself is better slit into two different inquiries: 1) What are the names of Tarot cards in the Minor Arcana?, and 2) What are the names of Tarot cards in the Major Arcana? Together, these two sets contain all 78 cards of the commonly used tarot deck, as we are about to examine.

What are the names of Tarot cards in the Minor Arcana? This is the portion of the deck which is most closely related to regular playing cards. There are 4 suits, Cups, Wands, Swords, and Pentacles, and each suit contains 14 cards. What are the names of tarot cards in each suit? They are numbered, starting at one: Ace(one), Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten. After the tenth one, names are assigned to the last four: Page, Knight, Queen, and King. In Tarot, each suit holds special meanings which are applied to interpretation. In time, and with practice, a reader learns these individual meanings and is able to apply them to any spread, extracting answers from their placement within that layout.

What are the names of Tarot cards in the Major Arcana? There are 22 cards in this part of the deck, all different. The Major Arcana does not have suits, although different meanings may be indicated by whether the card is dealt upright, or upside down. When counted, the Fool is card 0, and the counts goes up from there, from 0-21. The Fool, The Magician, the High Priestess, The Empress, and The Emperor are the first 5 cards. After these, the next five are The Hierophant, The Lovers, The Chariot, Strength, and The Hermit. The Wheel of Fortune, Justice, The Hanged Man, Death, and Temperance are cards 9-15 (Remember, The Fool was card 0, not 1!). Following those, The Devil, The Tower, The Star, The Moon, and The Sun are listed. And finally, the last two are Judgment (which can also be Rejuvenation), and The World. It will be important that any potential Tarot reader understand these, as their meanings are crucial to understanding the divination of such a reading.

What are the names of the seven dwarfs?

What are the names of the seven dwarfs?

Sleepy and Sneezy, Dopey and Doc, Happy, Bashful, and Grumpy

With the release of “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” in 1937, Walt Disney carved for himself an indelible place in history and in the hearts of movie lovers for more than half a century. The film was Disney’s first full length feature production, as well as the reason for his 1939 receipt of an Honorary Academy Award for significant screen innovation. Although not his first Oscar, this special award was unique in one particular respect: Disney received not just the one traditional statuette, but also seven miniature statuettes.

Those seven miniature statuettes represented, of course, the film’s seven dwarfs (not “dwarves,” according to the company). A brief general description of each will make them easily distinguishable:

Dopey: the youngest, sweetest, and silliest of the seven, and the only one to be completely bald and beardless; wears a too large lime green tunic and purple cap.*

Grumpy: the grouchiest and most curmudgeonly of the group, though even he is supremely devoted to the beautiful Snow White; wears a red tunic, long white hair and beard.

Doc: the only one of the dwarfs to wear glasses (so presumably the most intellectual); wears an orange-brown tunic, long white hair and beard.

Happy: the most rotund of the dwarfs; wears a brownish two-tone tunic, yellow cap, long white hair and beard.

Bashful: evokes his bashful nature through a classic pose of shyness (hands clasped behind back, shoulders slightly raised, eyes upturned); sometimes difficult to distinguish between Sneezy and Sleepy; depicted in purple tunic and magenta cap (on video), as well as long white hair and beard.

Sneezy: frequently shown with one finger underneath his nose, as if trying to stifle a sneeze; sometimes difficult to distinguish between Sleepy and Bashful; wears a yellow-brown tunic, long white hair and beard.

Sleepy: perhaps the most difficult to differentiate between Sleepy and Bashful, though he wears a perpetually sleepy looking, heavily lidded expression on his face; wears a brownish tunic, green cap, long white hair and beard.

As the dwarfs’ occupation is working in the diamond mines, they are often depicted carrying rudimentary tools of the trade (lanterns, picks, etc.)

Keeping track of all seven dwarfs is actually quite simple once you have mastered this simple mnemonic device: two S’s, two D’s, and three emotions. Two S’s: Sleepy and Sneezy; two D’s: Dopey and Doc; and three emotions: Happy, Bashful, and Grumpy.

what are German facial features?

What are German facial features?

According to answers.yahoo.com Germans descend from ancient Germanics, an ancient people indigenous of Scandinavia, that originated the latin name of the country, “Germania”.
The Celts, the first inhabitants of the majority of Germany, were drove on to the germanic newcomers and remained only under the Rhine and The Danube.
Ancient Romans colonized part of the country, and founded many of the more ancient cities of Germany: the people living in the lands of the medium flow of Rhinus had for many time an strong latin mark.
In the Middle Ages Slavic penetrated in the Eastern Germany. Well the germanic heritage is the common and strongest stock but they have different origins: Celts and Romans in the South and West and Slavic in the East.
German people have usually light complexion and have a high average height (5′10” or 5′11′), but they don’t always have the typical nordic features as wants his stereotyped raffiguration. Blond hair and blue or gree eye are dominant but many germans have dark hair and brown eye (naturally more in the South and West and less in the North where they are more similar to Scandinavians).

What are the polls for the presidential campaigns?

What are the polls for the presidential campaign?

According to wikipedia.org the United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday, November 4, 2008, will be the 56th consecutive quadrennial United States presidential election and will select the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States. The two major parties’ candidates have not been officially chosen, but their presumptive nominees are John McCain, the senior United States Senator from Arizona, for the Republican Party and Barack Obama, the junior United States Senator from Illinois, for the Democratic Party. The 2008 election is particularly notable because it is the first time in US history that two sitting senators will run against each other for president[1] and because it will be the first time an African American will be a major party presidential nominee.

The Libertarian Party has nominated former Congressman Bob Barr, the Constitution Party has nominated pastor and radio talk show host Chuck Baldwin, and the Green Party has nominated former Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney. Ralph Nader declined to seek the Green Party nomination and is running as an independent candidate.

The election will coincide with the 2008 Senate elections in thirty-three states, House of Representatives elections in all states, and gubernatorial elections in eleven states, as well as various state referendums and local elections.

As in the 2004 presidential election, the allocation of electoral votes to each state will be based partially on the 2000 Census. The president-elect and vice president-elect are scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2009.

What zodiac signs are sexually compatible

Aries lives for a challenge and Gemini is drawn to Aries sex appeal. Ruled by Mercury, Gemini has both beauty and brains. Aries finds intelligence to be a huge turn on. Gemini is witty and can make Aries laugh which is another bonus. Gemini thinks Aries is the best looking lover they have ever had. There is great sex potential and long-term possibility. To make this one work Aries should provide Gemini lots of freedom and keep his or her sense of humor on at all times.

Aries will also need to tone down dramatic episodes. Gemini should remain challenging to Aries for best results. Sex will be hot. Love will be very possible.

what signs are compatible with scorpio?

What signs are compatible with scorpio?

Scorpio, Cancer, Virgo, Capricorn, Pisces

Many things in the birth chart offer insight into compatibility and romance, and a person’s “sign” is not the only contributing factor.   I’ve provided the following list of signs which have traditionally been considered to be harmonious or inharmonious. Whether you are compatible with your same sign (for example, Aries with Aries) depends on how much you like yourself, since they’ll share many of your traits, including the undesirable ones. Whether you can get along with your opposite sign (for example, Aries with Libra) depends on whether the two of you can allow each other to be opposites, rather than insisting your partner be more like you.

Determined Scorpio can be rather stubborn and resistant to imposed changes. In many ways this is a plus, for it gives you the stamina to accomplish things in life, due to your tenacity. On the surface you may seem easy-going, congenial, and gregarious, but you are also extremely tenacious with a need to manipulate and control your situations.

Keys to your success are a strong will and the ability to get to the bottom of things. You want answers and will doggedly persist until you get them.

The fiery energy of Mars shines out when you are enthusiastic; it attracts and inspires others. Your intensity can be overwhelming, but also subtle, for your considerable energy is not aroused or employed just to have something to do — as is often the case with Aries, the other Mars-ruled personality. Unlike Aries, Scorpio is not openly combative, unless it becomes necessary. Your privacy is tightly protected, so others only get to know you up to a point. You may not show any sign of inner struggle, but when you are after something (or someone) your determination is fierce — and should you not be favoured in the outcome, you are neither a willing nor a gracious loser. Nevertheless, you are not arrogant, being genuinely interested in others and what they have to say, although you often exhibit a self-sufficiency which implies there isn’t much you don’t already know.

Translation and what are you sinking about?

There is a times when communication is critical. Language barriers as you can see from this ad is funny to observe, a possible nightmare to those involved. This actually an ad in a series, promoting a companies English language help.  Translation and what are you sinking about provides answers to just that: sinking.  If you are sitting around sinking about what typ of translation tool is the best, than this article is for you.  Try doing some research on the net.

What are beyonce's measurements?

What are beyonce’s measurements?

Although you hear it’s 34-24-36….this is not true. These numbers came from a song that was popular in the 80’s from men and means absolutely nothing. This also depends on what you call a good shape.  J-Lo’s and Beyonce’s hips are bigger where slim and tall super models are less.

BEYONCE would have been a circus performer if she hadn’t hit the big time with DESTINY’S CHILD.

The 23-year-old beauty, renowned for her bottom-shaking, says the secret lies in her double-jointed hips and back, but her freaky talents don’t stop there.

She explains, “My back and my hips are double-jointed and I can vibrate my eyes and move my ears as well. I can do a lot of freaky things. I can do all those things at once. I’m like a circus performer.”